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- **************************************************************************
- **************************************************************************
- OBJECT BENDER INCLUDE FILE FOR PERSISTENCE OF VISION 3.x
- **************************************************************************
- **************************************************************************
-
- Created by Chris Colefax, 13 June 1997
-
- 1.0 INSTALLATION
- 2.0 QUICK START
- 3.0 OPTIONS
- 3.1 OBJECT OPTIONS
- 3.1.1 bend_object
- 3.1.2 object_axis1 & object_axis2
- 3.2 BEND OPTIONS
- 3.2.1 bend_angle
- 3.2.2 bend_direction
- 3.2.3 bend_smoothness
- 3.2.4 bend_start
- 3.2.5 bend_finish
-
- 4.0 CONTACTING THE AUTHOR
-
- **************************************************************************
-
-
- 1.0 INSTALLATION
- **************************************************************************
- Copy the Object Bender include file (Bend.inc) to one of the directories
- (folders) in your POVRay library path. Normally this is the INCLUDE
- sub-directory of the directory where you installed POVRay, so if you
- installed POVRay in C:\POVRAY you should copy the Bend.inc file to
- C:\POVRAY\INCLUDE. On a Windows 95 system, this is probably something
- like:
-
- C:\Program Files\POV-Ray for Windows\Include
-
- On UNIX and similar systems, where filenames are case-sensitive, you may
- have to rename the include file so that it starts with a capital and the
- rest of its letters are lowercase. This will enable you to render the
- sample files without modification.
-
-
- 2.0 QUICK START
- **************************************************************************
- The Object Bender include file lets you bend any POVRay object, from a
- simple box to a complex CSG object. You can specify the direction to
- bend the object in, and bend the object by any angle up to 360 degrees.
- There are other options which control how the object will be bent;
- to use any of these you simply add the following line to your POVRay
- scene file:
-
- #declare [variable-name] = [value]
-
- substituting the desired variable name and value where appropriate. After
- you have declared all the options you want to use, you add the following
- line to your POVRay scene file:
-
- #include "Bend.inc"
-
- The Object Bender include file will then automatically create the bent
- object for you. Although only one option is required to bend an object
- (bend_object) you will want to use the options listed below to ensure
- you get the result that you want.
-
-
- 3.0 OPTIONS
- **************************************************************************
-
- 3.1 OBJECT OPTIONS
- *******************
- The first step when using the Object Bender include file is to specify
- a number of parameters that identify the object you wish to bend, as
- well as it's position in the POVRay universe.
-
- 3.1.1 bend_object
- ******************
- This parameter indicates the object you want to bend, and can be either
- a predefined object or a completely new object definition, including
- textures and transformations, eg:
-
- #declare bend_object = object {MyObject scale 3}
- #declare bend_object = cylinder {-y, y, .3 pigment {Red}}
-
- Any POVRay object can be used, including CSG objects and triangle meshes.
-
- 3.1.2 object_axis1 & object_axis2
- **********************************
- The two axis parameters are vectors which indicate the axis of the
- bend_object. The bend axis is like a piece of wire that runs through the
- object, starting at object_axis1 and ending at object_axis2. When the
- wire is bent, the object stretches and squashes to follow the shape of
- the wire. When bending the object, object_axis1 remains fixed, while
- object_axis2 is moved as the axis is bent.
-
- The default for object_axis1 is -y; the default for object_axis2 is +y
-
-
- 3.2 BENDING OPTIONS
- ********************
-
- 3.2.1 bend_angle
- *****************
- This is the angle (measured in degrees) that the object will be bent by.
- It can range from 0 (no bending) to 360 (the object is bent in a full
- circle). Using bend_angle = 180 will bend the object in a half circle,
- and other angles will bend the object by different amounts. You can also
- use negative angles to bend the object backwards.
-
- The default for bend_angle is 45 degrees
-
- 3.2.2 bend_direction
- *********************
- This vector specifies the direction in which to bend the object; if the
- bend_object lies along the x-axis, using bend_direction = y will bend the
- object upwards.
-
- The default for bend_direction is x
-
- 3.2.3 bend_smoothness
- **********************
- This option controls how smooth the bent object will be; using smaller
- numbers will give an angular bend, while using larger numbers will make
- the bend much smoother. The value of bend_smoothness specifies how many
- segments the bend_object will be divided into, per full revolution, eg:
- if you use bend_smoothness = 50 and bend_angle = 180, the Object Bender
- include file will use 25 segments when bending the object.
-
- This option can have a large effect on the speed of parsing and
- rendering; if you are doing quick preview you should set bend_smoothness
- to 0 (which will use the minimum number of segments). If the bent
- object is not as smooth as you want, you should increase this option.
-
- The default for bend_smoothness is 100
-
- 3.2.4 bend_start
- *****************
- You can use this option to only bend a partial section of the bend_object,
- rather than bending the whole object. The value of this option should lie
- between 0 and 1, eg. using bend_start = .5 will only start bending the
- object halfway along its length.
-
- The default for bend_start is 0
-
- 3.2.5 bend_finish
- ******************
- This option also allows you to partially bend an object, and its value
- should lie between 0 and 1, eg. using bend_finish = .7 will stop bending
- the object 70% along its length (the rest of the object will continue
- straight from this point).
-
- The default for bend_finish is 1
-
- Note that you can use the bend_start and bend_finish options together to
- only bend the middle section of an object, eg. bend_start = .3 and
- bend_finish = .6 will only bend the middle 30% of the object.
-
-
- 4.0 CONTACTING THE AUTHOR
- **************************************************************************
- If you wish to contact me with bug reports, bug fixes, criticisms,
- comments, suggested improvements, questions, etc. you can reach me by
- email at:
-
- ccolefax@geocities.com
-
- or by regular mail at:
-
- Chris Colefax
- PO Box 110
- Kuranda, Queensland
- Australia 4872
-
- **************************************************************************
-
- POV-Ray(tm) and Persistence of Vision(tm) are registered trademarks of the
- POV-Ray Team(tm)
-